Founded in 1180 by Flemish colonists, Wittenberg has come to house approximately 50,000 residents. Aside from the natives, you will witness people flock from all over the world to view the most famous doors in history: the doors of Castle Church (see below). On these doors, Luther posted his 95 Theses (grievances against the Catholic Church) in hopes for a discussion among academically associated people. However, copies were made, and everyone, even those who couldn't read their native language, heard Luther's message. And before Luther could stop the spread of the Theses, the Reformation had begun; during this time, Luther would put his faith to the test as he faced death and ex-communication for the well-being of those under the influence of the church.
Visit Castle Church today and you will find that the original wooden doors are gone, due to being destroyed by a fire. In their place are two large bronze doors. Looking carefully within the carving you will see that Luther's Theses are engraved in the bronze- not in German, but in Latin- the language of the Catholic church and the highly educated. Along with these remarkable doors, Luther's grave is located inside.
As stated, Luther faced death and ex-communication for his teachings against the church. But before I go any further, you must understand the importance to the Reformation. During this time, the church had more power, money, and followers than the majority of the princes of Europe. Because of this, the church not only had religious power, but power through the law. This meant that not only could they ex-communicate someone, but they could also kill them, sometimes through beheading, burning, or hanging. Luckily for Luther, he wasn't executed, but instead, excommunicated, which leads me to the next stop: the Luther Oak.
It was at this location that Luther burned various documents related to his enemies: books, including the book of church law, and most importantly, the Papal Bull. I view the burning of the Papal Bull as the final act that Luther performed as a way of verifying any doubts as to whether or not he was a Protestant (this is where we get the word "protest"). So what was the Papal Bull? The Papal Bull (Exurge Domine) was a document stating that if Luther did not recant his teachings, he would be excommunicated. In response, Luther threw the document and other writings into the fire, and is said to have yelled:
"Because you, godless book, have grieved or shamed the holiness of the Father, be saddened and consumed by the eternal flames of Hell".
Aside from the Reformation, what else does Wittenberg have? To be honest, not much. When it comes to attractions that involve Luther, and not the Reformation, you will find:
- Town Church (another place where Luther preached)
- Luther's House
- Lucas Cranach's House (this is the house of the painter, Lucas Cranach, who "documented" the Reformation through paintings and sculptures)
- The greetings are formal
- The traditional greeting will consist of a firm, quick handshake
- Titles are very important in showing respect. You must use one's title (Mr., Ms. Mrs.) and their surname (last name). Wait until invited to address someone by their first name.
- Wait to be introduced to a group (this will be done by the host/hostess)
- Entering a room, make sure to shake hands with each individual, including children.
German Fast Facts
Martin Luther and the 95 Theses
Bronze Doors of Castle Church
